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Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Gentianaceae Genus: Centaurium

bitter herb, European centaury

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (54)

Centaurella dichotoma Delarbre (1800)
Centaurium capitatum (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Borbás (1903)
Centaurium corymbosum (Dulac) Druce (1917)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) Kožuharov & A.V.Petrova (1982)
Centaurium erythraea var. capitatum (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Melderis (1972)
Centaurium erythraea var. fasciculare (Duby) Ubsdell (1976)
Centaurium erythraea var. latifolium (Sm.) T.C.G.Rich (2018)
Centaurium erythraea var. laxum (Boiss.) Mouterde ex Charpin & Greuter (1978)
Centaurium erythraea var. masclansii O.Bolòs & Vigo (1983)
Centaurium erythraea var. subcapitatum (Corb.) Ubsdell (1976)
Centaurium erythraea var. sublitorale (Wheldon & Salmon) Ubsdell (1976)
Centaurium latifolium (Sm.) Druce (1905)
Centaurium lomae (Gilg) Druce (1917)
Centaurium minus Garsault (1764)
Centaurium minus f. luteiflora Pau (1928)
Centaurium minus subsp. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) O.Schwarz (1949)
Centaurium minus var. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) Soó (1974)
Centaurium minus var. stenosiphon Pau (1928)
Centaurium minus var. transiens (Wittr.) Soó (1974)
Centaurium umbellatum Gilib. ex Beck (1781)
Centaurium umbellatum f. album Sigunov (1977)
Centaurium umbellatum subsp. austriacum Ronniger ex Fritsch (1916)
Centaurium umbellatum subsp. capitatum (Willd.) P.Fourn. (1938)
Centaurium umbellatum subsp. transiens (Wittr.) Ronniger (1916)
Centaurium umbellatum var. fasciculare (Duby) Gilmour (1837)
Centaurium vulgare Rafn (1800)
Chironia centaurium var. fascicularis Duby (1828)
Chironia centaurium var. humilis Lej. (1825)
Chironia centaurium var. palustris (Mérat) DC. (1813)
Chironia erythraea Schousb. (1800)
Chironia ramosissima var. palustris Mérat (1812)
Erythraea capitata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (1819)
Erythraea centaurium f. itatiaiaensis Dusén (1910)
Erythraea centaurium subsp. capitata (Willd.) Corb. (1894)
Erythraea centaurium var. acutiflora Boiss. (1875)
Erythraea centaurium var. compacta Rouy (1908)
Erythraea centaurium var. fascicularis Rouy (1908)
Erythraea centaurium var. laxa Boiss. (1875)
Erythraea centaurium var. subcapitata Corb. (1894)
Erythraea centaurium var. sublitoralis Wheldon & Salmon (1925)
Erythraea centaurium var. transiens Wittr. (1899)
Erythraea compressa subsp. majorcica F.Herm. (1914)
Erythraea corymbosa Dulac (1867)
Erythraea germanica Hoffmanns. & Link (1813)
Erythraea latifolia Sm. (1824)
Erythraea lomae Gilg (1906)
Erythraea schuttleworthiana Rouy (1891)
Erythraea vulgaris var. alba Gray (1822)
Erythraea vulgaris var. quadrifida Gray (1822)
Gentiana gerardii F.W.Schmidt (1791)
Gentiana palustris Lam. (1793)
Hippocentaurea centaurium Schult. (1814)
Libadion variabile Bubani (1897)
Xolemia palustris (DC.) Raf. (1837)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:725 (Mi, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Hamakua Dist.; Pohakuloa Training Area, along Saddle Road Between the 30 & 45 mile markers & within 60' of road. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1990-12-13
2 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Mokuleia, Waianae Mts., Ridge West of Kapuna Valley, Piko Trail, dry ridge Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13054 Oahu BISH 1936-04-12
3 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Kahuku Pastures, Oahu Preserved_Specimen van Zwaluwenburg, R.H. 246 Oahu BISH 1938-05-09
4 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Southwest of Dillingham Ranch, Kawaihapai, Oahu. T.H. Grassy slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11063 Oahu BISH 1937-03-12
5 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Windward side of Pali Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 246 Oahu BISH 1945-06-12
6 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Waianae Mts., along access road to Kuaokala Forest Reserve, steep roadcut below head of Kawaihapi Gulch Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5358 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
7 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range Open canopy with scattered Prosopis pallida overstory, thick Cenchrus ciliaris groundcover, along with Ageratum conyzoides, Asystasia gangetica. Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 101 Oahu BISH 2021-05-03
8 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Kau District, Keauhou Ranch Lower part of ranch, just above kipuka Ki. Scattered among grasses in pasture, not plentiful. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 371 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-24
9 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Pohakuloa, N-facing slope of Puu Keekee cinder; Dodonaea viscosa, Eragrostis atropioides, Brassica nigra, Pennisetum setaceum Preserved_Specimen Tierney 93.34 Hawaii BISH 1993-07-03
10 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Near intersection of Kamokila Blvd and FDR Ave., Kapolei - ca. 0.25 km. east of Kamokila Blvd. Growing along abandoned railroad tracks in Leucaena-Cenchrus scrub, dry Preserved_Specimen Ross, M.C. 1932 Oahu BISH 2023-04-21
11 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range With Leucaena leucocephala, Waltheria indica, Pluchea carolinensis, Cenchrus ciliaris, and Macroptilium lathyroides (799286). On hard limestone substrate. Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 67 Oahu BISH 2021-05-11
12 Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea Puuwaawaa, on transect T18 Remnant dryland forest. Understory herb on patches of bare `a`a. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5789 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
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